When Did Mens Earings Become Popular Again
Why did English become the 'global linguistic communication'?
More people speak Castilian than English as their offset language. Nearly three three times as many speak Mandarin Chinese in their family homes. Yet few would dispute that English is the leading world language.
This is because English is the world'due south lingua franca or common second language, equally this table shows.
English is the international language of business, commerce, science, medicine,and many other key areas. Even in diplomacy, where French once ruled supreme, English is now dominant in nearly regions of the world.
According to David Graddol'due south extensive survey for the British Council, the number of non-native or second linguistic communication speakers of English language now outnumbers those of main or native speakers.
international tourism is growing, but the proportion of encounters involving a native English speaker is declining (1.9). There were around 763 million international travellers in 2004, but near 75% of visits involved visitors from a not-English-speaking country travelling to a non-English-speaking destination. This demonstrates the … growing role for global English.
Increasingly, non native speakers apply English language as a
"practical tool" and besides as a "working linguistic communication" (Crystal 2003: 426), has emerged as a lingua franca used by millions of people to engage in a conversation with each other. (Tünde NAGY, 2016)
Why English?
The renowned linguist, David Crystal, suggests that "a linguistic communication becomes a global language because of the power of the people who speak information technology." The 'power' of English was initially based on political and war machine factors, well-nigh notably the expansion of the British Empire. Later the function of English language equally the language of the scientific, industrial, financial and economical revolutions further increased its influence.
Crystal stresses that the increasing importance of English is not considering of the construction of the language itself. English, he points out, is not particularly attainable to speakers of other languages, with its eccentric spelling and pronunciation patterns — coughing, for instance. It too has the largest lexicon (number of words) of any European language. There are over a one thousand thousand past some estimates, though three,000 volition encompass well-nigh situations.
Adjustability
Other linguists experience that Crystal undervalues the special nature of the English linguistic communication. Robert McCrum argues that English "does a good chore" in allowing non-native speakers to arrange to it. In an interview with the Boston Earth McCrum focuses on its 'democratic' nature:
Q. You lot make a distinction in the volume between the majestic roots of English internationally, but the linguistic communication non being imperious.
A. The French have always been very imperious. Whenever they accept a cultural decision to make information technology's always top downwards. With English, information technology's always bottom upward… implicitly … there'southward a quality to the English language language which is different from German or French or Chinese. That quality is approachability, usefulness, adaptability.
English is a Germanic linguistic communication in its grammar, syntax and key vocabulary. Though only thirty% of English words are Anglo Saxon, they make upwardly around lxx% of those used in mutual conversation. The top x most unremarkably used verbs — exist, have, exercise, say, brand, get, take, come, see, get — are all irregular in that they practise non follow the standard pattern of conjugation (paint, painted etc) This because they are survivors from old English.
What makes the English linguistic communication flexible, however, is that it borrows heavily from other languages — especially Latin, Greek and French. These 'loanwords' are either integrated through usage or disappear into obscurity.
Adopting loan words has been a useful evolutionary strategy for linguistic communication survival. Just overthrown the government? Save on translation fees by writing the French coup d'etat on your application to rejoin the Un. Or perchance something a petty more than soothing similar from English language, similar regime change.
And sad one-half-the-globe those non alphabetic characters practice non play dainty with IT systems. It would exist so much easier if you used our letters. Nosotros are happy to borrow your futon but are customers just can't bargain with (布団)
Bottom up
The Académie française is a commission made up of twoscore French writers and artists. These (men by and large, bien sûr) determine what is correct and incorrect French. A office of their mission is to resist linguistic invasion from the old foe, perfidious Albion. End using horrible English words like email they insist. What's wrong with courriel? And don't get the states started on le weekend
Good luck with that, monsieur-matriarch. The payroll vote — sorry, les fonctionnaires — volition adhere to your style book. But it's the devil's own work stopping the kids sur Snap.
The English language language does non have baronial council determining what is or is not permissible. The simply 'official' status for a specific word is inclusion in the Oxford English Dictionary and the OED sees its task equally
recording the entry of today'southward new words into the {English} language. Nosotros utilize printed bear witness of new words from magazines, newspapers, books, vocal lyrics, practical manuals — any published source. Slang and dialect words are also collected.
This is what McCrum calls the 'bottom upwardly' nature of English language. It leads to many quirks and inconsistencies. Why anglicize some loanwords but not others? Why pronounce the urban center Paris with a hard s but switch to French pronunciation when referring to the football squad: Paris Saint Germain?
This glorious linguistic anarchy has been a source of frustration to some orderly minds. In the early twentieth century at that place was a determined effort to introduce a new globe linguistic communication, i without weird spellings and tricky wayward pronunciation rules.
Esperanto
Polish linguist and pacifist, L.Fifty. Zamenhof invented Esperanto ('hope) which he believed could be an international lingua franca or second linguistic communication. Because it had no irregular verbs and phonetic spelling esperanto was a 'perfect' language. Information technology also had no associations with a particular nationality or state.
George Orwell'south aunt was an early proponent of Esperanto. She also supported its more than militant fly, which insisted that the new language should supplant the old ones. When he went to stay with her in Paris, she insisted on speaking Esperanto when he was hoping to practise his French.
It was the political chemical element of some parts of the Esperanto movement which peculiarly disturbed Orwell. The attempt to command and direct language was in his view a central feature of totalitarianism. Newspeak — the language Orwell created for his dystopian novel, 1984, is clearly a variant on Esperanto, the 'world language of peace'.
Newspeak
Was Orwell unfair to Zamenhof's invented language? Esperanto has had some minor success. At that place are a pregnant number of fluent speakers of the language — though nobody is sure how many. Some say 100,000, others claim an improbable two.v million.
There are even Esperanto native or first language speakers, up to i,000 according to some estimates. Simply these figures are still comparatively low. And Esperanto has never been an official secondary language of any country in the world.
As Latin lovers will know, there will always exist a limited market for languages that are non widely spoken. English looks gear up to be the de facto official 2d linguistic communication of the world for the foreseeable future
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Source: https://medium.com/english-language-faq/why-did-english-become-the-global-language-9bbc14b532cd
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